From humanitarian aid to humanization: When outgroup, but not ingroup, helping increases humanization

Outgroup helping as a tool to communicate ingroup warmth.

The authors extend previous research on the effects of metastereotype activation on outgroup helping by examining in more detail the role of group impression management motives and by studying direct helping (i.e., helping the outgroup believed to hold a negative view of the ingroup). Data from three experiments provided full support for the communicative nature of direct outgroup helping by de...

Outgroup Helping as a Tool to Communicate Ingroup

The authors extend previous research on the effects of metastereotype activation on outgroup helping by examining in more detail the role of group impression management motives and by studying direct helping (i.e., helping the outgroup believed to hold a negative view of the ingroup). Data from three experiments provided full support for the communicative nature of direct outgroup helping by de...

From Voicing to Naming Tore-humanization

Humanization of antibodies.

Humanization has played a fundamental role in the remarkable progress of antibodies as therapeutic reagents. Here we have reviewed the publications on antibody humanization since the first report on CDR grafting in the second half of the 1980's up to June 2007. We describe the two main trends in the field: rational and empirical methods to humanize antibodies. Rational methods rely on the so-ca...

Antibody Humanization Techniques

Antibodies are proteins with very important functions in the immune system. Thanks to their ability to recognize specific sequences from pathogens and other threats, antibodies can participate in the recognition and removal of foreign threats, such as virus and bacteria (Janeway et al.). Every human body is able to create millions of slightly different antibodies; every antibody has the ability...